Controlling Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Haiti: Implementation Strategies and Evidence of Their Success
Identifieur interne : 001237 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001236; suivant : 001238Controlling Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) in Haiti: Implementation Strategies and Evidence of Their Success
Auteurs : Jean Frantz Lemoine [Haïti] ; Anne Marie Desormeaux [Haïti] ; Franck Monestime [Haïti] ; Carl Renad Fayette [Haïti] ; Luccene Desir [Haïti] ; Abdel Nasser Direny [États-Unis] ; Sarah Carciunoiu [États-Unis] ; Lior Miller [États-Unis] ; Alaine Knipes [États-Unis] ; Patrick Lammie [États-Unis] ; Penelope Smith [États-Unis] ; Melissa Stockton [États-Unis] ; Lily Trofimovich [États-Unis] ; Kalpana Bhandari [États-Unis] ; Richard Reithinger [États-Unis] ; Kathryn Crowley [États-Unis] ; Eric Ottesen [États-Unis] ; Margaret Baker [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2016.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Albendazole (administration et posologie), Albendazole (usage thérapeutique), Animaux, Antihelminthiques (administration et posologie), Antihelminthiques (usage thérapeutique), Diéthylcarbamazine (administration et posologie), Diéthylcarbamazine (usage thérapeutique), Filaricides (administration et posologie), Filaricides (usage thérapeutique), Filariose lymphatique (), Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie), Filariose lymphatique (traitement médicamenteux), Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie), Haïti (épidémiologie), Helminthes (), Helminthes (isolement et purification), Helminthiase (), Helminthiase (parasitologie), Helminthiase (traitement médicamenteux), Helminthiase (épidémiologie), Humains, Maladies négligées (), Maladies négligées (parasitologie), Maladies négligées (épidémiologie), Santé publique (), Santé publique (normes).
- MESH :
- administration et posologie : Albendazole, Antihelminthiques, Diéthylcarbamazine, Filaricides.
- isolement et purification : Helminthes.
- normes : Santé publique.
- parasitologie : Filariose lymphatique, Helminthiase, Maladies négligées.
- traitement médicamenteux : Filariose lymphatique, Helminthiase.
- usage thérapeutique : Albendazole, Antihelminthiques, Diéthylcarbamazine, Filaricides.
- épidémiologie : Filariose lymphatique, Haïti, Helminthiase, Maladies négligées.
- Animaux, Filariose lymphatique, Helminthes, Helminthiase, Humains, Maladies négligées, Santé publique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Albendazole (administration & dosage), Albendazole (therapeutic use), Animals, Anthelmintics (administration & dosage), Anthelmintics (therapeutic use), Diethylcarbamazine (administration & dosage), Diethylcarbamazine (therapeutic use), Elephantiasis, Filarial (drug therapy), Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology), Elephantiasis, Filarial (prevention & control), Filaricides (administration & dosage), Filaricides (therapeutic use), Haiti (epidemiology), Helminthiasis (drug therapy), Helminthiasis (epidemiology), Helminthiasis (parasitology), Helminthiasis (prevention & control), Helminths (drug effects), Helminths (isolation & purification), Humans, Neglected Diseases (epidemiology), Neglected Diseases (parasitology), Neglected Diseases (prevention & control), Neglected Diseases (therapy), Public Health (methods), Public Health (standards), Public Health (statistics & numerical data).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Albendazole, Anthelmintics, Diethylcarbamazine, Filaricides.
- chemical , therapeutic use : Albendazole, Anthelmintics, Diethylcarbamazine, Filaricides.
- drug effects : Helminths.
- drug therapy : Elephantiasis, Filarial, Helminthiasis.
- epidemiology : Elephantiasis, Filarial, Haiti, Helminthiasis, Neglected Diseases.
- isolation & purification : Helminths.
- methods : Public Health.
- parasitology : Elephantiasis, Filarial, Helminthiasis, Neglected Diseases.
- prevention & control : Elephantiasis, Filarial, Helminthiasis, Neglected Diseases.
- standards : Public Health.
- statistics & numerical data : Public Health.
- therapy : Neglected Diseases.
- Animals, Humans.
Abstract
Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) have been targeted since 2000 in Haiti, with a strong mass drug administration (MDA) program led by the Ministry of Public Health and Population and its collaborating international partners. By 2012, Haiti’s neglected tropical disease (NTD) program had reached full national scale, and with such consistently good epidemiological coverage that it is now able to stop treatment for LF throughout almost all of the country. Essential to this success have been in the detail of how MDAs were implemented. These key programmatic elements included ensuring strong community awareness through an evidence-based, multi-channel communication and education campaign facilitated by voluntary drug distributors; strengthening community trust of the drug distributors by ensuring that respected community members were recruited and received appropriate training, supervision, identification, and motivation; enforcing a “directly observed treatment” strategy; providing easy access to treatment though numerous distribution posts and a strong drug supply chain; and ensuring quality data collection that was used to guide and inform MDA strategies. The evidence that these strategies were effective lies in both the high treatment coverage obtained– 100% geographical coverage reached in 2012, with almost all districts consistently achieving well above the epidemiological coverage targets of 65% for LF and 75% for STH—and the significant reduction in burden of infection– 45 communes having reached the target threshold for stopping treatment for LF. By taking advantage of sustained international financial and technical support, especially during the past eight years, Haiti’s very successful MDA campaign resulted in steady progress toward LF elimination and development of a strong foundation for ongoing STH control. These efforts, as described, have not only helped establish the global portfolio of “best practices” for NTD control but also are poised to help solve two of the most important future NTD challenges—how to maintain control of STH infections after the community-based LF “treatment platform” ceases and how to ensure appropriate morbidity management for patients currently suffering from lymphatic filarial disease.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004954
PubMed: 27706162
PubMed Central: 5051938
Affiliations:
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Port-au-Prince</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Port-au-Prince</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Desormeaux, Anne Marie" sort="Desormeaux, Anne Marie" uniqKey="Desormeaux A" first="Anne Marie" last="Desormeaux">Anne Marie Desormeaux</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Ministry of Public Health and Population, Port-au-Prince, Haiti</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Haïti</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Public Health and Population, Port-au-Prince</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Port-au-Prince</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Monestime, Franck" sort="Monestime, Franck" uniqKey="Monestime F" first="Franck" last="Monestime">Franck Monestime</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>IMA World Health, Port-au-Prince, Haiti</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Haïti</country><wicri:regionArea>IMA World Health, Port-au-Prince</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Port-au-Prince</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fayette, Carl Renad" sort="Fayette, Carl Renad" uniqKey="Fayette C" first="Carl Renad" last="Fayette">Carl Renad Fayette</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>IMA World Health, Port-au-Prince, Haiti</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Haïti</country><wicri:regionArea>IMA World Health, Port-au-Prince</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Port-au-Prince</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Desir, Luccene" sort="Desir, Luccene" uniqKey="Desir L" first="Luccene" last="Desir">Luccene Desir</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Hôpital Sainte Croix, Léogâne, Haiti</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Haïti</country><wicri:regionArea>Hôpital Sainte Croix, Léogâne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Léogâne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>University of Notre Dame, Léogâne, Haiti</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Haïti</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Notre Dame, Léogâne</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Léogâne</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Direny, Abdel Nasser" sort="Direny, Abdel Nasser" uniqKey="Direny A" first="Abdel Nasser" last="Direny">Abdel Nasser Direny</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carciunoiu, Sarah" sort="Carciunoiu, Sarah" uniqKey="Carciunoiu S" first="Sarah" last="Carciunoiu">Sarah Carciunoiu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>IMA World Health, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>IMA World Health, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, Lior" sort="Miller, Lior" uniqKey="Miller L" first="Lior" last="Miller">Lior Miller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>IMA World Health, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>IMA World Health, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Knipes, Alaine" sort="Knipes, Alaine" uniqKey="Knipes A" first="Alaine" last="Knipes">Alaine Knipes</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lammie, Patrick" sort="Lammie, Patrick" uniqKey="Lammie P" first="Patrick" last="Lammie">Patrick Lammie</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Penelope" sort="Smith, Penelope" uniqKey="Smith P" first="Penelope" last="Smith">Penelope Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff008"><addr-line>U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stockton, Melissa" sort="Stockton, Melissa" uniqKey="Stockton M" first="Melissa" last="Stockton">Melissa Stockton</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trofimovich, Lily" sort="Trofimovich, Lily" uniqKey="Trofimovich L" first="Lily" last="Trofimovich">Lily Trofimovich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff009"><addr-line>RTI International Consultancy, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>RTI International Consultancy, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bhandari, Kalpana" sort="Bhandari, Kalpana" uniqKey="Bhandari K" first="Kalpana" last="Bhandari">Kalpana Bhandari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Reithinger, Richard" sort="Reithinger, Richard" uniqKey="Reithinger R" first="Richard" last="Reithinger">Richard Reithinger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Crowley, Kathryn" sort="Crowley, Kathryn" uniqKey="Crowley K" first="Kathryn" last="Crowley">Kathryn Crowley</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Eric" sort="Ottesen, Eric" uniqKey="Ottesen E" first="Eric" last="Ottesen">Eric Ottesen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, Margaret" sort="Baker, Margaret" uniqKey="Baker M" first="Margaret" last="Baker">Margaret Baker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>RTI International, Washington, District of Columbia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>District of Columbia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Albendazole (administration & dosage)</term><term>Albendazole (therapeutic use)</term><term>Animals</term><term>Anthelmintics (administration & dosage)</term><term>Anthelmintics (therapeutic use)</term><term>Diethylcarbamazine (administration & dosage)</term><term>Diethylcarbamazine (therapeutic use)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (drug therapy)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (parasitology)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (prevention & control)</term><term>Filaricides (administration & dosage)</term><term>Filaricides (therapeutic use)</term><term>Haiti (epidemiology)</term><term>Helminthiasis (drug therapy)</term><term>Helminthiasis (epidemiology)</term><term>Helminthiasis (parasitology)</term><term>Helminthiasis (prevention & control)</term><term>Helminths (drug effects)</term><term>Helminths (isolation & purification)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Neglected Diseases (epidemiology)</term><term>Neglected Diseases (parasitology)</term><term>Neglected Diseases (prevention & control)</term><term>Neglected Diseases (therapy)</term><term>Public Health (methods)</term><term>Public Health (standards)</term><term>Public Health (statistics & numerical data)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Albendazole (administration et posologie)</term><term>Albendazole (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Antihelminthiques (administration et posologie)</term><term>Antihelminthiques (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Diéthylcarbamazine (administration et posologie)</term><term>Diéthylcarbamazine (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Filaricides (administration et posologie)</term><term>Filaricides (usage thérapeutique)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique ()</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (parasitologie)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie)</term><term>Haïti (épidémiologie)</term><term>Helminthes ()</term><term>Helminthes (isolement et purification)</term><term>Helminthiase ()</term><term>Helminthiase (parasitologie)</term><term>Helminthiase (traitement médicamenteux)</term><term>Helminthiase (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Maladies négligées ()</term><term>Maladies négligées (parasitologie)</term><term>Maladies négligées (épidémiologie)</term><term>Santé publique ()</term><term>Santé publique (normes)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Albendazole</term><term>Anthelmintics</term><term>Diethylcarbamazine</term><term>Filaricides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Albendazole</term><term>Anthelmintics</term><term>Diethylcarbamazine</term><term>Filaricides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Albendazole</term><term>Antihelminthiques</term><term>Diéthylcarbamazine</term><term>Filaricides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Helminths</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term><term>Helminthiasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term><term>Haiti</term><term>Helminthiasis</term><term>Neglected Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Helminths</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Helminthes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Public Health</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="normes" xml:lang="fr"><term>Santé publique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term><term>Helminthiase</term><term>Maladies négligées</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term><term>Helminthiasis</term><term>Neglected Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term><term>Helminthiasis</term><term>Neglected Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="standards" xml:lang="en"><term>Public Health</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Public Health</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>Neglected Diseases</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term><term>Helminthiase</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Albendazole</term><term>Antihelminthiques</term><term>Diéthylcarbamazine</term><term>Filaricides</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term><term>Haïti</term><term>Helminthiase</term><term>Maladies négligées</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Humans</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Filariose lymphatique</term><term>Helminthes</term><term>Helminthiase</term><term>Humains</term><term>Maladies négligées</term><term>Santé publique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Lymphatic filariasis (LF) and soil-transmitted helminths (STH) have been targeted since 2000 in Haiti, with a strong mass drug administration (MDA) program led by the Ministry of Public Health and Population and its collaborating international partners. By 2012, Haiti’s neglected tropical disease (NTD) program had reached full national scale, and with such consistently good epidemiological coverage that it is now able to stop treatment for LF throughout almost all of the country. Essential to this success have been in the detail of how MDAs were implemented. These key programmatic elements included ensuring strong community awareness through an evidence-based, multi-channel communication and education campaign facilitated by voluntary drug distributors; strengthening community trust of the drug distributors by ensuring that respected community members were recruited and received appropriate training, supervision, identification, and motivation; enforcing a “directly observed treatment” strategy; providing easy access to treatment though numerous distribution posts and a strong drug supply chain; and ensuring quality data collection that was used to guide and inform MDA strategies. The evidence that these strategies were effective lies in both the high treatment coverage obtained– 100% geographical coverage reached in 2012, with almost all districts consistently achieving well above the epidemiological coverage targets of 65% for LF and 75% for STH—and the significant reduction in burden of infection– 45 communes having reached the target threshold for stopping treatment for LF. By taking advantage of sustained international financial and technical support, especially during the past eight years, Haiti’s very successful MDA campaign resulted in steady progress toward LF elimination and development of a strong foundation for ongoing STH control. These efforts, as described, have not only helped establish the global portfolio of “best practices” for NTD control but also are poised to help solve two of the most important future NTD challenges—how to maintain control of STH infections after the community-based LF “treatment platform” ceases and how to ensure appropriate morbidity management for patients currently suffering from lymphatic filarial disease.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zeldenryk, Lm" uniqKey="Zeldenryk L">LM Zeldenryk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gray, M" uniqKey="Gray M">M Gray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Speare, R" uniqKey="Speare R">R Speare</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gordon, S" uniqKey="Gordon S">S Gordon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Melrose, W" uniqKey="Melrose W">W Melrose</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name 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J" uniqKey="Roberts J">J Roberts</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leconte, F" uniqKey="Leconte F">F LeConte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wendt, Jm" uniqKey="Wendt J">JM Wendt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boncy, Pj" uniqKey="Boncy P">PJ Boncy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adrien, P" uniqKey="Adrien P">P Adrien</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lemoine, Jf" uniqKey="Lemoine J">JF Lemoine</name></author><author><name sortKey="Existe, A" uniqKey="Existe A">A Existe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henry, Pj" uniqKey="Henry P">PJ Henry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Haïti</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li></region></list><tree><country name="Haïti"><noRegion><name sortKey="Lemoine, Jean Frantz" sort="Lemoine, Jean Frantz" uniqKey="Lemoine J" first="Jean Frantz" last="Lemoine">Jean Frantz Lemoine</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Desir, Luccene" sort="Desir, Luccene" uniqKey="Desir L" first="Luccene" last="Desir">Luccene Desir</name><name sortKey="Desir, Luccene" sort="Desir, Luccene" uniqKey="Desir L" first="Luccene" last="Desir">Luccene Desir</name><name sortKey="Desormeaux, Anne Marie" sort="Desormeaux, Anne Marie" uniqKey="Desormeaux A" first="Anne Marie" last="Desormeaux">Anne Marie Desormeaux</name><name sortKey="Fayette, Carl Renad" sort="Fayette, Carl Renad" uniqKey="Fayette C" first="Carl Renad" last="Fayette">Carl Renad Fayette</name><name sortKey="Monestime, Franck" sort="Monestime, Franck" uniqKey="Monestime F" first="Franck" last="Monestime">Franck Monestime</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Direny, Abdel Nasser" sort="Direny, Abdel Nasser" uniqKey="Direny A" first="Abdel Nasser" last="Direny">Abdel Nasser Direny</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Baker, Margaret" sort="Baker, Margaret" uniqKey="Baker M" first="Margaret" last="Baker">Margaret Baker</name><name sortKey="Bhandari, Kalpana" sort="Bhandari, Kalpana" uniqKey="Bhandari K" first="Kalpana" last="Bhandari">Kalpana Bhandari</name><name sortKey="Carciunoiu, Sarah" sort="Carciunoiu, Sarah" uniqKey="Carciunoiu S" first="Sarah" last="Carciunoiu">Sarah Carciunoiu</name><name sortKey="Crowley, Kathryn" sort="Crowley, Kathryn" uniqKey="Crowley K" first="Kathryn" last="Crowley">Kathryn Crowley</name><name sortKey="Knipes, Alaine" sort="Knipes, Alaine" uniqKey="Knipes A" first="Alaine" last="Knipes">Alaine Knipes</name><name sortKey="Lammie, Patrick" sort="Lammie, Patrick" uniqKey="Lammie P" first="Patrick" last="Lammie">Patrick Lammie</name><name sortKey="Miller, Lior" sort="Miller, Lior" uniqKey="Miller L" first="Lior" last="Miller">Lior Miller</name><name sortKey="Ottesen, Eric" sort="Ottesen, Eric" uniqKey="Ottesen E" first="Eric" last="Ottesen">Eric Ottesen</name><name sortKey="Reithinger, Richard" sort="Reithinger, Richard" uniqKey="Reithinger R" first="Richard" last="Reithinger">Richard Reithinger</name><name sortKey="Smith, Penelope" sort="Smith, Penelope" uniqKey="Smith P" first="Penelope" last="Smith">Penelope Smith</name><name sortKey="Stockton, Melissa" sort="Stockton, Melissa" uniqKey="Stockton M" first="Melissa" last="Stockton">Melissa Stockton</name><name sortKey="Trofimovich, Lily" sort="Trofimovich, Lily" uniqKey="Trofimovich L" first="Lily" last="Trofimovich">Lily Trofimovich</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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